notes9

DESTINATION MOON: A History of the Lunar Orbiter Program


Chapter 9 notes



1. Memorandum, Crabill to Emme, December 9, 1969, p. 2.

2. Interview with Lee R. Scherer, Program Manager, at Cape Kennedy, July 31, 1967. This was part of a discussion between various members of the Lunar Orbiter Program including Clifford H. Nelson, Israel Taback, A. Thomas Young, Robert P. Bryson, Dr. Martin Molloy, and the authoróat the home of Mrs. Mary Bub, a journalist, in Cocoa Beach, Florida.

3. Project Lunar Orbiter, Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, August 3, 1966.

4. Ibid.

5. Boeing Quarterly Technical Progress Report, Lunar Orbiter Program, July to September 1966, Section IV, p. 35.

6. Ibid., p. 36.

7. The Boeing Company, Lunar Orbiter Final Mission Report, Vol. III, Mission Operational Performance, Boeing Document D2-100727-3, p. 6.

8. Kosofsky interview.

9. Boeing, Lunar Orbiter I Final Mission Report, III, p. 6.

10. Ibid., p. 7.

11. J. R. Hall.. ed.., TDS Final Report, Vol. II, Mission A Summary, No. 608-17, Tracking and Data System Report Series for the Lunar Orbiter Project, November 15, 1969, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, p. 4 -15.

12. Boeing, Lunar Orbiter I Final Mission Report, III, p 8. See also Boeing Quarterly Technical Progress Report., July to September 1966, Section IV, p. 36.

13. Interview with G. Calvin Broome., Langley Research Center, July 19, 1967.

14. Boeing, Lunar Orbiter I Final Mission Report, III, p. 9.

15. Costello interview.

16. Lunar Orbiter Program Office, NASA, Lunar Orbiter I Mission Status Report 8, Status as of 11:30 EST, August 18, 1966. Note: all times for the five missions are given exactly as they appear in the mission status reports. The time used was local time at the site where the mission was being monitored, with the exception of Mission I.

17. Memorandum from Dennis B. James, Bellcomm, Inc., to Dr. Eugene M. Emme, Subject: Comments on manuscript "Lunar Orbiter: A Preliminary History," November 17, 1969, p. 3.

18. Lunar Orbiter I Mission Status Report 9, Status as of 9 a.m. EDT, August 19, 1966.

19. Lunar Orbiter I Photographic Mission Summary, NASA CR 782, April 1967, p. 46.

20. Lunar Orbiter I Final Mission Report, III, p. 10.

21. Lunar Orbiter I Mission Status Report 11, Status as of 8:30 a.m. EDT, August 22, 1966.

22. Ibid.

23. Lunar Orbiter I Photographic Mission Summary, NASA CR -782, p. 46.

24. Ibid.

25. Boeing, Lunar Orbiter I Final Mission Report, III, p. 11.

26. Lunar Orbiter I Mission Status Report 14, Status as of 9 a.m. EDT, August 24, 1966.

27. Lunar Orbiter I Mission Status Report 18, Status as of 10 a.m. EDT, August 29, 1966.

28. Lunar Orbiter I Mission Status Report 20, Status as of 11 a.m. EDT, September 1, 1966.

29. Lunar Orbiter I Photographic Mission Summary , NASA CR-782, p. 46.

30. Taback interview. See also Transcript of Proceedings--Discussion between Nicks, et al., and members of National Academy of Public Administration, pp. 111-112.

31. For a detailed technical description of the Earth-Moon photographs refer to Lunar Orbiter I Photography, NASA CR-847, prepared by Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington, for the Langley Research Center, August 1967, pp. 64-71.

32. Memorandum from SL/Manager, Lunar Orbiter Program, to the File, October 28, 1966, Subject: Lunar Orbiter I situation. See also Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1966, NASA SP-4007, Washington, D.C., 1967, pp. 332-333.

33. Langley Working Paper: Preliminary Terrain Evaluation and Apollo landing site analysis based on Lunar Orbiter I Photography.

34. Lunar Orbiter I--Photography, NASA CR- 847, pp. 11- 17.

35. Project Lunar Orbiter Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, August 17, 1966.

36. Memorandum from SL/Manager, Lunar Orbiter Program, to the File, May 24, 1966, Subject: Preshipment Review of Sec ond Lunar Orbiter Flight Spacecraft. (The NASA review team consisted of Lee R. Scherer, Clifford H. Nelson, Israel Taback, Kenneth L. Wadlin, James B. Hall, and Messrs. Jackson and Eckbard.)

37. Ibid.

38. Ibid. p. 3.

39. Minutes of the Lunar Orbiter Mission B Planning Meeting, Langle Research Center, May 6, 1966 (recorded by A. Thomas Young), pp. 5-6.

40. Lunar Orbiter Project Office, Langley Research Center, Lunar Orbiter Mission B Description, June 1, 1966.

41. Ibid., p. 7.

42. Apollo had to operate in a retrograde orbit. that is, an orbit whose direction was counter to the rotation of the Moon--in order to have the safety option of a free Earth-return trajectory in case of an emergency such as occurred later on Apollo 13 in April 1970. Lunar Orbiter operated in a posigrade orbit--that is in the direction of the Moon's rotation--because it did not have to plan for this contingency.

43. Lunar Orbiter Mission B Description, p. 12.

44. Lunar Orbiter Project Office, Langley Research Center, Lunar Orbiter Mission II Description, as amended on September 29, 1966, issued October 26, 1966, p. 3

45. Discussion with Dennis B. James, Bellcomm, Inc., July 25 and 28, 1969. The author and Mr. James studied photographs of Site A 3 and Frame M 100 and Mr. James pointed out the significance of these pictures to Mission II planning.

46. Ibid. Compare Mission B Description document with that for Misson II.

47. Hall, TDS Final Report, Vol. III, Mission B Summary (No. 608-18), November 15, 1969, pp. 1-2, 1-3, 1-4.

48. Lunar Orbiter II Photographic Mission Summary, NASA CR-883, prepared by the Boeing company for Langley Research Center, October 1967, p. 33.

49. Boeing Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October to December, 1966, p.5.

50. Walter Sullivan, "Orbiter 2 Transmits Spectacular Close ups of Moon," New York Times, December 1, 1966, p. 1. Douglas Lloyd's contribution to the planning of the Coperni cus shot deserves recognition. His persistent belief that it could be done resulted in one of the program's outstand ing photographic achievements. (Interview with Douglas Lloyd, Bellcomm, Inc., Washington, D.C., August 11, 1970.)

51. Lunar Orbiter II Photographic Mission Summary, NASA CR-883, pp. 61, 86.

52. Ibid., p. 86.

53. Ibid.

54. Ibid.

55. Charles W. Shull and Lynn A. Schenk, U.S. Army TOPO COM., "Mapping the Surveyor III Crater," Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. XXXVI, No. 6, June 1970, pp. 547-554. This article gives a detailed analysis of how stereoscopic photo graphy was utilized in site selection for Surveyor III.

56. Lunar Orbiter Project Office, Langley Research Center, Lunar Orbiter Mission III Description, January 25, 1967, p. 15.

57. Memorandum from Lee R. Scherer to Clifford Nelson, Langley Research Center, Subject: Geometric Calibration of High Resolution Camera for Mission C. December 20, 1966.

58. Project Lunar Orbiter, Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, January 17, 1967.

59. Lunar Orbiter Mission III Description, p. 1.

60. Lunar Orbiter C Mission Objectives, unsigned memoran dum, January 24, 1967.

61. Project Lunar Orbiter, Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, February 15, 1967.

62. Memorandum from SL/Manager, Lunar Orbiter Program, to SE/Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Science and Applications (Engineering), January 24, 1967.

63. Hall, TDS Final Report, Vol. IV, Mission C Summary (No. 608-19), March 1, 1969, p. 1-2.

64. Boeing Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January to March 1967, p.4. See also Status of Lunar Orbiter III (as of 8 a.m. EST) February 7, 1967.

65. Status of Lunar Orbiter III, February 9, 1967, p. 3.

66. Hall, TDS Final Report, IV, pp. 1-2, 1-3., 1-4.

67. Boeing Quarterly Progress Report, January to March 1967, p. 4.

68. Status of Lunar Orbiter III, February 9, 1967, p. 4.

69. Status of Lunar Orbiter III (as of 3:30 p.m. EST), February 13, 1967; and Status of Lunar Orbiter III, February 16, 1967.

70. Status of Lunar Orbiter III, February 23, 1967; and March 1, 1967.

71. Boeing Quarterly Technical Progress Report., January to March 1967, p. 4. See also Lunar Orbiter III Photography, NASA CR-984, prepared by the Boeing Company for Langley Research Center., February 1968, p. 108, for a detailed report of the failure.

72. Lunar Orbiter II Photography, NASA CR-984, p. 120.

73. Ibid.